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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa If you're a lover of coffee you're probably aware that different beans have different flavor profiles. Learn more about four of the most popular varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica and Excelsa. Excelsa beans are a type of Liberica that is cultivated exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier and tarter flavor, and are often added to blends of coffee to enhance the flavor. Arabica Arabica is the most sought-after coffee in the world accounting for 75% of all global coffee beans produced. Arabica beans are milder and have a sweeter taste than Robusta, and come in a variety of flavour profiles. The aroma and taste of a coffee can vary widely depending on the growing conditions and processing techniques used to produce it. The word “coffee” originates from the Arabic word that means berry. Coffee beans are actually seeds that sprout inside bright red berries. It is believed that ancient Ethiopian shepherds realized that their goats became stimulated after eating these berries, and that the cultivation of coffee quickly began to spread throughout the world. Coffee beans can flourish at high altitudes and flourish with cool temperatures and lots of rain. This is the reason Arabica coffee is considered to be the most delicious type of coffee. Many specialty coffee shops and roasters focus on the ethical sourcing of arabica beans, focusing on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies typically blend arabica beans to make unique signature coffees that work well with various methods of brewing. Blending gives control over the taste, aroma and body as well as acidity of coffee. It is generally utilized to create an even and consistent taste that appeals to a wider market. Robusta Robusta beans are the second most sought-after kind of coffee bean in the world. They have a higher caffeine content per bean than Arabica, and are more resistant to diseases and pests. They also contain more chlorogenic acids, which are naturally-occurring antioxidants. However, these acids can cause oxidation during the coffee brewing process and could result in unpleasant flavors. The plant itself is more robust than arabica, and can thrive in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It can withstand temperatures that are higher and does well in direct sun. It produces more coffee per plant and is growing faster than arabica. This makes it a economically viable crop to cultivate. While it may sound counterintuitive it's true that arabica and Robusta beans are often blended together to create coffee blends. If you notice the names of countries like Uganda or Kenya on a coffee bag then it's likely that there's some robusta as well. Most roasters employ a mixture of arabica and coffee beans to lower costs and ensure the quality. To preserve the quality of the flavor, it's essential to select a premium bean from a source that you trust. This can be accomplished by purchasing the beans directly from farmers. Liberica Liberica beans are more or less football shaped and are therefore distinct from other varieties of coffee beans. They have a distinctive scent that is fruity and floral with the smoky notes. They are often added to other coffee bean types to give them a more rounded and more robust flavor. Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as and in Southeast Asia. They can thrive in low altitudes and can withstand humid, hot climates. They are also more resistant to disease than Arabica or Robusta. These characteristics make them ideal for home-growing. You can purchase the seeds from many sources. However, it's recommended to purchase the beans from local producers in order to ensure the highest quality. The ideal conditions for the cultivation of Liberica coffee plants include fertile deep volcanic soils, with moderately acidic pH, and sufficient annual rainfall. Excelsa is a different type of coffee bean. It was once classified as a separate species, but has since been reclassified as a Liberica variant. The coffee beans that are oval in shape grow on large coffee plants, which can grow to 20 to 30 feet in height at moderate altitudes. They have a unique taste that is both fruity and tart which has made them a popular choice in house blends. They are also lighter in scent and caffeine than Arabica and Robusta yet still have a distinctive depth of flavor. Excelsa Excelsa coffee beans aren't as widely used as Arabica and Robusta despite being the fourth most popular. They were considered to be a different coffee plant species until 2006, when they were reclassified as a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. Today, they're grown mainly in Southeast Asia and account for 7 percent of the world's production of coffee. These beans are distinctive with a teardrop shape and have an intriguing dark flavor. They are frequently utilized to give blends extra body and a rich, tart taste of ripe fruit. Arabica beans are the most well-known and are known for their sweeter flavor. They thrive best at high altitudes, and they thrive in warm tropical climates. They are slightly acidic. If properly roasted and brewed they may be flavored with notes of chocolate, nuts, or even fruit. Robusta is a close second to Arabica and makes up around 40% of the world's coffee. These beans are rounder and smaller, yet they contain twice as much caffeine than Arabica. They are also bitterer than the other two types and have an earthy, woody flavor. After learning about the four most popular types you can now select the best brew. If coffee beans uk prefer an elegant and delicate taste pick an arabica, or a blend consisting of robusta beans and arabica beans.